• br Introduction Addiction to opioids such as

  2021-01-12

  

  Introduction Addiction to opioids such as morphine is a chronic disorder that affects the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway in the brain. Activation of the pathway ultimately leads to dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Di Chiara et al., 1998) and stimulation of dopamine recepto

• In the gel shown in Figure at early time points

  2021-01-12

  

  In the gel shown in Figure 8, at early time-points, 14% of the input dsDNA is converted to these intermediate species. These persist in the gel to later times, with approximately 50% of these being unwound. This unwinding occurs at a considerably slower rate and is due to that fraction of the popula

• The promoter regions of all MdDGKs examined here included

  2021-01-12

  

  The promoter regions of all MdDGKs examined here included many hormone-responsive and stress-responsive elements, such as ABRE, MBS, TC-rich repeats, HSE, and LTR. Despite assumptions about how those promoters might control expression in response to environment stimuli, we found several exceptions.

• Real time PCR as described previously with

  2021-01-12

  

  Real-time PCR, as described previously with minor modifications, was used to detect DNA . The PCR mixture (Qiagen) was as follows: 5mM MgCl2, 2.5μl of 10x PCR Buffer, 0.125μl of HotStarTaq DNA Polymerase, 0.25mM of each dNTP, 0.4μM of each primer and 0.1μM of FAMlabelled probe (‘5-aacaattggagggcaagg

• Previously we had proposed three possible

  2021-01-12

  

  Previously we had proposed three possible models, with one being that hCrm1 fundamentally interacted more favorably or strongly with Rev-RRE complex, compared to mCrm1. We decided to test that model, which was the simplest and most straightforward, by both biochemical and genetic means. By using bac

• Autophagy is a dynamic process that primarily involves

  2021-01-12

  

  Autophagy is a dynamic process that primarily involves autophagosome formatting and lysosomal degradation, and these processes are controlled by autophagy-related genes (Atg) (Klionsky et al., 2012). The related protein SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) importantly serves as a signalling director in sever

• Damage of PE HD due to both mechanisms

  2021-01-12

  

  Damage of PE-HD due to both mechanisms is usually considered to emerge from a local stress concentration in the material, leading to the initiation of a crack, which subsequently propagates further through the material, and finally leads to macroscopic failure. In this process, crack growth occurs o

• br Material and methods br Results br

  2021-01-12

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Both progesterone and estradiol are major ovarian steroids crucial for the development and homeostasis of the female reproductive tract (Patel et al., 2015). In the cervix, estrogen softens the cervical stroma affecting the extracellular matrix (ECM)

• br Introduction The development of non melanoma skin

  2021-01-12

  

  Introduction The development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a complex process characterized by the acquisition of altered proliferation and invasiveness. These changes are classically defined as occurring in stages, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression. In the two-stage model of in

• Dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system

  2021-01-11

  

  Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system causes abnormal organelle morphology and impairs sperm formation and maturation steps resulting in male infertility [[7], [8], [9]]; this indicates that ubiquitination is essential for spermatogenesis and sperm function during fertilization. β-catenin i

• The modification of proteins with the small amino

  2021-01-11

  

  The modification of proteins with the small 76-amino ddhC protein ubiquitin (Ub) plays a central role in many key cellular processes. Ubiquitylation of a target protein requires the concerted action of a cascade of three enzymes (Figure 1). The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) catalyzes the formati

• In studies directed toward the development of sequence

  2021-01-11

  

  In studies directed toward the development of sequence-specific major-groove binding small Isoxsuprine hydrochloride [11], we desired a non-intercalating molecular scaffold that could direct attached moieties into the major groove. As an initial step toward this goal, we wished to study the DNA bin

• Punicalin br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments The

  2021-01-11

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank P. Costet (University of Bordeaux) and Véronique Guyonnet-Duperat (FR TransBioMed, Plateforme de Vectorologie, University of Bordeaux) and Prof. Nils-Göran Larsson and Dr. Bettina Bertalan (Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ag

• In order to assess quantitatively

  2021-01-11

  

  In order to assess quantitatively the contribution of the ung, dug and dut someone’s name to uracil-DNA accumulation in E. coli, we have developed a novel method for measuring uracil residues in DNA that is based on the approach of Kow and co-workers [33] for measuring AP-sites in DNA. The method,

• Although the phase I clinical trial of LMB was

  2021-01-11

  

  Although the phase I clinical trial of LMB was unsuccessful, the detailed review of this trial only mentions some malaise and anorexia as side effects, which are common for most effective chemotherapeutic drugs. These side effects may diminish if lower doses are administered. In view of the novel CR

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